Friday, January 24, 2020
The Myth and Ritual of Coffee in Mario Puzoââ¬â¢s The Fortunate Pilgrim :: Essays Papers
The Myth and Ritual of Coffee in Mario Puzoââ¬â¢s The Fortunate Pilgrim When I arrived in Italy in May 1998, my first order of business was to sample some Italian coffee. Being an avid coffee drinker, and having heard that Italians brew the best in the world, I was quite eager to find a little bar that would cheerfully quench my craving. I was not disappointed. The cappuccino that I sipped that day was a two-layer affair, a mountain of rich foamy milk atop a modest amount of strong, hot espresso. It was heavenly. As I swirled the thick steaming layers together, I was fascinated by the lively Italian being spoken in the bar, the laughter, and the peace and ease in the bartenderââ¬â¢s face. I felt honored to be privy to the rituals that were taking place before my eyes. Coffee is a truly a mythological treasure. It serves the dual functions of waking one up and providing one with relaxation. It is both acid and base, bitter and sweet, caustic and comforting. It is used for an array of purposes: to soothe, to give energy, to lend fortitude, to bring people together. Sometimes it is ascribed almost supernatural healing properties. In Mario Puzoââ¬â¢s The Fortunate Pilgrim, coffee takes these roles and more: the drinking of coffee is an immensely important ritual that serves a myriad of social functions and responds to a wide range of human emotions. Wine, arguably the only other substance surrounded by so much myth and ritual, also plays a part in Puzoââ¬â¢s novel, but it is coffee that is the drink of choice and ritual for Lucia Santa. Early in the novel, the beverage is aptly described as ââ¬Å"ceremonialâ⬠: ââ¬Å"Lucia Santa served the ceremonial coffee, then said, ââ¬ËZia Louche, I am going to see the little one. Care for the girl and Lorenzo. Do me this favor.ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Puzo 36) Coffee is the focal point of the meeting, a warming beverage to represent the warmth between two people. It is this warmth, this caring human connection, that enables Lucia Santa to ask her friend for a favor. At the same time, the hot coffee lends fire to her courage and conviction, giving her the requisite strength to confront Filomena. (37) Interestingly, coffee becomes a pacifier, a salve, when Lucia Santa returns from Filomenaââ¬â¢s house shaken and distraught with her baby Vincenzo in her arms.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Introduction To Marketing Essay
Describe how a selected organisation uses marketing research to contribute to the development of its marketing plans In this section of the unit the investigation of the marketing research used by Kelloggââ¬â¢s will be shown through thorough research and evaluation also how it links in to the development of Kelloggââ¬â¢s marketing plans. The Purpose of Market Research Marketing research is what informs businessââ¬â¢s make decisions by helping it to understand the changing dynamics of its market. This involves finding out more about customers, competitors and the overall marketing environment. The purpose of doing this is to gather data on customers and potential customers. The pure definition of market research is systematically gathering, recording and analysing data and also about the issues relating to marketing products and services. There are two types of researchââ¬â¢s that can be conducted: Primary Secondary These research can then be formed into either quantitative or qualitative Primary Research Primary research is data and information that the business has gathered first-hand and has not been gathered before. Internal primary research data sources include: Sales figures for the businessââ¬â¢s own products Customer data held on a central database. External primary research methods include: Questionnaires and Surveys Interviews and Focus Groups Mystery Shoppers, And other observation techniques. Secondary Research Secondary research uses data and information that has been collected before, either from within the organisation which can also be seen as internal data or by another organisation which is mostly regarded to as external data. Secondary research is sometimes referred to as ââ¬Ëdesk researchââ¬â¢ and sources include: Reports from sales and regional representatives Previous marketing research (internal) Trade journals and websites (external) Books and newspapers (external) Industry reports from industry associations and government departments (external) Census data and public records (external). This now M2-Explain the limitations of marketing research used to contribute to the development of a selected organisationââ¬â¢s marketing plans For this sector of the report I will be identifying and explaining the limitations of the market research methods used in the Kelloggââ¬â¢s investigation. This should give a clear overview of how Kelloggââ¬â¢s develop. In the case study I have been studying I have acknowledged Kelloggââ¬â¢s uses four junctures of market research to ensure they have examined a product collectively which enable Kelloggââ¬â¢s to develop theyââ¬â¢re products better and to better the product to suit its target audience. Firstly, we have a very important sector of market research which is seen as discovery, it is vital to identify a set of new food ideas that would be suitable for developing a new Crunchy Nut product. Secondary research was conducted from Mintel and Datamonitor and was used to find out about innovation trends in the cereal market. It was also used to find out about new products, flavours and foods from around the world. Food developers at Kelloggââ¬â¢s used this information to come up with a number of new food ideas. Although secondary data is easy to access there are some limitations Kelloggââ¬â¢s need to take into consideration, this could be for instance the age of the documents and when the research had been operated. Also the size of the group the research was taken and how many people were involved. I have also accredited secondary research can be very vague and general this would prove difficult for Kelloggââ¬â¢s to make a decision. In market research there are different aspects a business can branch into, many in which are very beneficial. The next form of research Kelloggââ¬â¢s had fore taken was selecting the best concept for their product they ensured they could do this by overseeing a quantitative survey. This had then created specific statistical information that indicated that a new Crunchy Nut Bites idea was perceived as the most appealing amongst all the ideas tested. Although Kelloggââ¬â¢s manage to use the quantitative dataà efficiently there can be drawbacks to us ing quantitative data, the main hindrance of quantitative research is the context of the study is ignored. Quantitative research does not study things in a natural setting or discuss the meaning things have for different people as qualitative research does. Another shortcoming is that a large sample of the population must be studied; the larger the sample of people researched, the more statistically accurate the results will be. Once the conception was formed Kelloggââ¬â¢s then had a job conform and construct the concept into a new product this involved usage of qualitative research which helped Kelloggââ¬â¢s food technologists to explore the taste and texture of the new food idea in more detail. Kelloggââ¬â¢s needed to understand the ââ¬Ëeating experienceââ¬â¢ of the consumer before a decision could be made about how to develop the recipe in more detail. Kelloggââ¬â¢s needed to take in to consideration even though the qualitative would help theyââ¬â¢re market research they may be some downfalls, for example the researcher of the study is heavily involved in the proce ss, which gives the researcher a subjective view of the study and its participants. The researcher interprets the research according to his or her own biased view, which skews the data gathered. Another disadvantage is that this research method is very time consuming and can last for months or even years. Finally, it is always important to ensure the financial side of the product are understood and the product brings in a good profit also it is a good idea to set promotional prices to enable the customer to have a taster of the product. This meant Kelloggââ¬â¢s were required to predict a forecast of the product, Kelloggââ¬â¢s do this by undergoing one final test prior to the new product launch. This is called the ââ¬ËIn Home Usage Testââ¬â¢. The consumers are given the product to try for several days and this enables Kelloggââ¬â¢s to capture how consumers interact with the product for the first time. As well as this being a very good technique to understand the consumer they can be negatives to this the obvious problem Kelloggââ¬â¢s would be facing is that markets are unpredictable. Any sales forecast, however rigorous its analysis of conditions, can be fla t-out wrong. Sales forecasts fall into two basic categories, each of which has distinct disadvantages. In this case this is a qualitative forecast so sales forecasts rely on expertsââ¬â¢ opinions to predict upcoming sales performance. Which may be detrimental to Kelloggââ¬â¢s because qualitative approaches is subjective therefore opinions, even well-informedà ones, can be wrong, especially if they donââ¬â¢t take into account relevant economic data. After overseeing Kelloggââ¬â¢s market research although the major drawbacks Kelloggââ¬â¢s can face, market research is very important for Kelloggââ¬â¢s as it previews what Kelloggââ¬â¢s can stumble upon when launching a new product. However market research that is gathered by any organisation could prove to be irrelevant and inappropriate. D2-Make justified recommendations for improving the validity of the marketing research used to contribute to the development of a selected organisationââ¬â¢s marketing plans. After looking at all the limitations that effect Kelloggââ¬â¢s this has entitled me to make justification and recommendation for improving the validity of the marketing research used in Kelloggââ¬â¢s. Consequently I will be making three comprehensive recommendations with justifications to improve validity of the market research used to contribute to the development of Kelloggââ¬â¢s marketing plans. Market research is used by many organisations and is very fatal tool; however the data collected can sometimes not be as valid for various reasons, resulting in a business to make the wrong decision and highly affecting its market plans. The first recommendation I would like is to discuss to enhance the validity of the market research is for an organisation like Kelloggââ¬â¢s to choose the right amount of people to question. Kelloggââ¬â¢s main objective is to improve their current product and to continue to create new products in order to carry this out they would have to carry research to find out what they lack in and what they need more of however if the amount of people questioned is too small the results would be invalid and will not do any justice to statistic therefore Kelloggââ¬â¢s should make the sample random and larger this will increase the accuracy of the information leading to the right decisions, Kelloggââ¬â¢s also need to be aware of setting themselves a goal and objective they would like to reach when choosing a people to take part in their research this increase validity as it gives and aim of what is required from conducting this research Secondly, I would like to recommend if Kelloggââ¬â¢s ask specific and objective questions, the people Kelloggââ¬â¢s survey should represent a cross-section of their target groups. This can extend the results to the whole group as long a s Kelloggââ¬â¢s sample is representative. Key factors in this matching process are sampling time and number of peopleà surveyed. For example if they were to launch a new product of a similar range they need to question what they feel is missing from the existing products they can do this by asking feedback of existing customers this will make the data more valid and reliable because the right questions have been asked. Finally I would like to propose to Kelloggââ¬â¢s to avoid self-selection and use a valid samples with a representative view of Kelloggââ¬â¢s target group are based on random selection. If Kelloggââ¬â¢s allow survey respondents to decide whether to answer a survey, Kelloggââ¬â¢s canââ¬â¢t be sure the respondents represent a random sample. You have to pick survey respondents at random and classify those who donââ¬â¢t answer the questions as ââ¬Å"did not respond.â⬠If the non-responsive group is substantial, reducing it by adding people who volunteer adds self-selection bias to the result because the volunteers are likely to share characteristics not demonstrative of your whole target group. Kelloggââ¬â¢s may have to change how you conduct the survey to get enough samples from a random selection. All of the above suggestions are to improve the validity and reliability of market research used by Kelloggââ¬â¢s; however Kelloggââ¬â¢s should also make sure that the question it uses match its research objectives to ensure that information collected contributes to the development of its marketing plans. Recommendations mentioned above will improve the validity of the research and accuracy of the information that will help the business make the right decisions based on the information collected and results of the research.
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Bat1 Task 1 Essay - 1281 Words
Legal and Ethical Considerations name Western Governors University Legal and Ethical Considerations A1. Addendum Addendum: Release of Information: Shadow Chart Policy Shadow charts should only contain copies of the original records. Shadow charts are maintained to assist ancillary departments in treating patients. An original record is created after each treatment for the primary record and a copy can be made for the shadow chart only for convenience in providing care. Original records are not to be kept in shadow charts. Shadow charts should only contain copies of the original records. This is to ensure that all original documentation is always placed in the main chart. The purpose for this is to have theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦If an organization has established care for a minor in an emergency situation and/or is needing a blood transfusion and the organization refuses to treat due to the parents or legal guardian being unavailable and consequently the minor dies or has irreversible disability the organization can be held criminally liable. The organization can be charged with negligence and/or medical malpractice if the plaintiff can prove the following elements: (1) a duty of care is owed to the patient; (2) a breach of this duty of care; (3) a causal connection between the breach of duty and the patientââ¬â¢s injury; and (4) damages (McWay, 2012). B1. HIPAA Definition HIPAA defines criminal liability as covered entities and specified individuals, whom knowingly, obtain or disclose individually identifiable health information in violation of the Administrative Simplification Regulations (Hipaa violations and, ). In contrast to civil liability, criminal liability requires that the act be done ââ¬Å"knowinglyâ⬠. ââ¬Å"Knowinglyâ⬠is having the understanding that the actions constitute an offense. The term covered entity under the HIPAA Privacy Rule refers to three specific groups, including health plans, health care clearinghouses, and health care providers that transmit health information electronically (What is a, 2012). B2. Clinical Staff Impact Actions of the clinical staff would be directlyShow MoreRelatedAircraft General Practices A320/3215685 Words à |à 23 Pages . . . . . 34 12 SERVICING Maintenance External Visit (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 U3U06191 - U0O35M0 MAINTENANCE COURSE - CAT A (V2500-A5/ME) AIRCRAFT GENERAL PRACTICES TABLE OF CONTENTS May 11, 2006 Page 1 SINGLE AISLE TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL STRUCTURAL BREAKDOWN AND ZONING (3) REFERENCE AXES The structure elements are installed according to the following reference axes. The X axis in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage, the Y axis in the direction
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
The Way of the Warrior Bushido - 1198 Words
Introduction The term ââ¬ËBushidoââ¬â¢ has over the years developed from the traditional translation of ââ¬Ëthe Way of the Warriorââ¬â¢ towards the more modern notion of a ââ¬Å"national spirit of Japan, especially the military spirit.â⬠This paper will analyse the impacts that various religious traditions such as Shintoism, Buddhism and Confucianism have had on shaping the classical ideals of the bushido code and the influences that the bushido code played on the actions of the kamikaze fighter pilots during World War II. Impacts of Confucianism on Bushido Confucianismââ¬â¢s major impacts on the bushido code have come from its ethical teachings, primarily those from the Five Relations. Historians suggest that Confucianism was introduced into Japan via merchants who travelled across the East China Sea from neighbouring Korea and China as early as the 4th century AD. If this view is accepted it would make Confucianism one of the earliest foreign religions introduced into Japan thus playing an imperative role in shaping Japanese ideology. The Five Relations sets out the appropriate behaviour one must show to his superiors. This includes: that a vassal must show his master loyalty, a child must show his parent respect, a wife must show her husband affection, a younger sibling must show his older sibling precedence and friends should treat each other with honesty. The teachings of the Five Relations can be witnessed in many aspects of the bushido code. One example is the Lord-Vassal andShow MoreRelated The Samurai and the Bushido Code Essay1016 Words à |à 5 Pages The samurai were à ©lite warriors in Japan during the 1200ââ¬â¢s to the early 1700ââ¬â¢s. Fifth century Japan saw conflicts with Korea and China, but Japan had a very untrained army, with a clumsy Calvary, and poor infantry men (Blumberg 1). The reason was that horses were seen as a burden and were never bred to be strong, fast, and large for war purposes (Blumberg 2). In the 6th and 9th centuries, a series of rebellions in Japan began from the Emis hi people of the northern home islands; these country peopleRead More The Samurai: Warrior and Ruler of Ancient Japan Essay1289 Words à |à 6 Pages The Samurai: Warrior and Ruler of Ancient Japan Few countries have a warrior tradition as long and exciting as Japan. It is a tradition found in the Samurai, the loyal and self-sacrificing knight of ancient Japan. The Samurai is a valiant warrior who can both appreciate the beauty of nature in that of a rose blossom but will also kill or die for his master in an instant. This well-rounded warrior was the ruling class of Japan for almost seven hundred years. He fought for control of his countryRead MoreInfluence of the Samurai on Modern Japanese Society Essay1730 Words à |à 7 Pages Groups of people such as the Indians or Vikings are popular groups which are referenced constantly in todayââ¬â¢s society. However, none of these groups is more known or referenced than the Japanese Samurai. Originating in 646 AD, these Japanese warriors developed from a loose organization of farmers to the dominant social class in Feudal Japan. Along with their dominant military and political standing, the samurai brought with them a unique co de or moral belief that became the core of Samurai cultureRead More##arison Of Japanese Characterism In Yuukio Mishimas The Sound Of Waves1463 Words à |à 6 Pagesreflection of Japanese ideologies and characteristics that are infused in characters to portray a singular Japanese identity. He specifically uses the Bushido code which values Duty and Honesty along with other Japanese warrior traits as a basis for representing true Japanese characters in contrast to their Western-influenced counterparts (Bushido). However, he is hesitant in providing a fair comparison between the two. Yukio Mishimaââ¬â¢s political views often conflict with the novel as he uses charactersRead MoreMusuis Story1612 Words à |à 7 Pageswith the shogun, yet he lived a life unworthy of a samurai s way, running protection racket, cheating, stealing, and lying. Before we discuss how Musui s lifestyle was against the codes that regulated the behavior of the samurai, it is essential that the role of the sam urai in Japanese society be understood. The Japanese society was divided into four classes: samurai, peasants, artisans, and merchants. The samurai was a class of warriors, emerged from Japan during the constant civil ware period.Read MoreWar Crimes Committed in World War II739 Words à |à 3 Pagesthings. The Japanese believed that their bushido code allowed them to treat the Australian this way, their ethics was one of complete brutality and hardship, and the Japanese soldiers were being fed false propaganda that showed a dehumanized view of the Australians. These three statements demonstrate that the Japanese atrocities committed at Burma, were, in the eyes of the Japanese, fair and just. The Japanese brutality was heavily influenced by bushido, a historic code of honour and morals thatRead MoreImportance Of Confucianism In The Film IP Man1014 Words à |à 5 Pageswho wants Master IP to teach the Japanese Wing Chun because Admires his talent. He refuses and IP man and general Miura have a fight in front of the entire town. The film summarizes and demonstrates two huge Asian philosophies, Confucianism and Bushido but not just through the eyes of Master IP. In the transition scene between the talk with General Miura and IP man, we see him summarize as to why he will not teach the Japanese Wing Chun. IP man states that although martial arts involve armed forcesRead More Social Change In Japan Essay1582 Words à |à 7 Pagesshared by the new technology driven younger generation is putting pressure on the old Japanese status quo. The transformation is happening very slow, but as the population ages and the old conservatives are being replaced by the new liberals, the old way of thinking is also being replaced by the new. The establishment of the caste system during their feudal development insured unity and lack of diversity would be a theme through the rest of their history. During the Nara period the Japanese societyRead MoreMusuis Story1289 Words à |à 6 Pageslike China saw a new dynasty take control of the country. And almost every Asian civilization from India to Indonesia came in contact with people from western nations which changed the way people did business and the way Asians viewed the world. Japan, however, seemed to keep separate from the rest of Asia in the way that they were hesitant to deal with westerners. Despite their separateness, this period in time still brought an immense amount of change to Japan and its culture. The autobiographyRead MoreThe Lie Of Bushido And The Hidden Blade1852 Words à |à 8 Pages The Lie of Bushido in The Hidden Blade Two samurai face each other, both bound by a code of honor to fight to the death. This code is Bushido the ancient honor system of the samurai. It emphasized eight important virtues that all samurai must live by. These virtues include Rectitude, courage, benevolence, politeness, honesty, honor, loyalty, and character. Any failure to follow these virtues resulted in the need to commit seppuku or Hara-kiri, which was honorable
Monday, December 23, 2019
Analysis Of The Day Running And Management Of Trinity...
Report Trinity Lodge Hotel This report will look at a detailed view of the day to day running and management of Trinity Lodge . Situated in the heart of Dublinââ¬â¢s business district and cultural quarter , near Trinity College , this family-owned guesthouse offers luxury en-suite accommodation in an authentic Georgian townhouse Rich in character, Trinity Lodge is one of the finest examples of Georgian-period accommodation in Dublin city center and it comprised of 3 restored original Georgian houses. The Lodge is a splendid craft of Georgian elegance and contemporary style and comfort . With only 26 charming bedrooms, perfect for business and leisure travelers . My role in Trinity Lodge is that of a breakfast chef and waitress . I deal with the customers and answer any queryââ¬â¢s they might have . Because Trinity Lodge is a family run business and employs just 10 staff it has a small tight structure. As a result of this staff are delegated more than one position . This structure comprises of , The Owner , takes care of wages and contracts . The Manager job title is that of Floor Manager , Human resource. She takes care of Hotel stock from food to bed linen to toiletries, she is in charge of the roster and making sure the Hotel runs smoothly and efficiently whilst making sure all staff are trained and up to date with all haccp and various courses . In order to keep a business competitive and successful the managers follow a process using a certain strategy to achieve its goals.Show MoreRelatedAnnual Report Fosters Beer64959 Words à |à 260 Pages2011 04 From the ChAirmAN ANd ChieF exeCutive oFFiCer 82 84 13 diSCoNtiNued operAtioNS 14 propertY, plANt ANd equipmeNt 08 09 10 the Next ChApter For CuB exeCutive mANAgemeNt CorporAte goverNANCe StAtemeNt 85 86 88 89 15 AgriCulturAl ASSetS 16 iNtANgiBle ASSetS 17 pAYABleS 18 FiNANCiAl riSk mANAgemeNt oBjeCtiveS ANd poliCieS 18 24 49 59 direCtorSââ¬â¢ report remuNerAtioN report group FiNANCiAl review Five YeAr SummArY 94 19 derivAtive FiNANCiAl iNStrumeNtS 96 Financial
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Paranormal Existences Free Essays
Paranormal Existence Is someone or something else among us at this moment, in this room, something we canââ¬â¢t even see? Have you ever wondered what else is really out there? Unexplained happenings occur every day. Spirits or ghosts are thought of just being people that have passed away but there has to be more to it. Paranormal activity is defined as experiences that lie outside the range of normal experience or scientific explanation. We will write a custom essay sample on Paranormal Existences or any similar topic only for you Order Now At some point in everyoneââ¬â¢s life they will experience some kind of unexplained activity. Many people ask the question if it actually exists or if itââ¬â¢s all in their head. Scientists often say that these so called ââ¬Å"spiritsâ⬠do not exist. Only personal experiences can interpret your own feelings about paranormal existences. My story is about a spirit that lived on past their death. One night a couple months ago me and my friends were playing on her wigi board. Her dad had died 5 years earlier due to a horrific car crash. Her family had always seen balls roll across the room and other strange things happen without explanation; they always assumed it was him. When we started playing around with the board the first letter of the girlââ¬â¢s dads name showed up and her eyes instantly filled up with tears, like a helpless child left all alone, the second letter was the second letter to his name, the same with the third. By this time my friend was balling, she of course knew it was her father. We continued playing until the last letter of his name showed up. At this moment we heard a vase upstairs shatter into a million pieces, just like the car windshield had done when his helpless body had gone through it, instantly killed. We ran upstairs to find the vase and its contents of flowers spread all over the floor. Then we replaced it with a new vase and reassembled the flowers to how they were. The next morning her mother walked downstairs with a flower in her hand and asked, ââ¬Å"Why did you put a flower next to my bed? â⬠That night changed the way I thought about spirits forever. I never thought anything like that could ever happen to me. Anyone who experienced that kind of activity and the intensity in that room could easily say they felt a presence surrounding them. In the moment of that glass shattering was the one of the scariest moments of my life. I will always remember the terror racing through me, my heart pounding, sounding of horseââ¬â¢s strong hooves beating against the track, like thunder rolling in and the suspense leading up to the storm. Saying spirits like this donââ¬â¢t exist is outrageous considering how many people actually experience real activity. Some people donââ¬â¢t want to believe this is real simply because they are scared of it. Many others find it very interesting to study about and explore the possibilities of what else could potentially be out there with us in our everyday lives and something you arenââ¬â¢t even able to see. Everyone has different views on if paranormal existences are actually real. Mysterious things could happen at any time, and when they do, be prepared. How to cite Paranormal Existences, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Growth in Health Care Free Samples for Students-Myassignment
Question: As technologies diffuse, why do some firms adopt them before others? What are the features of healthcare technologies that would make them more likely to be adopted most quickly? Most slowly? Answer: In current era, technology is one of the key ways towards innovation and change implementation. Adoption of new technology has been highlighted by practitioners or researchers as one of the key opportunity provider for business both at organizational and strategic levels. In this context, health care sector is also adopting several health care based technologies for improving the service qualities as well as patient outcomes. However, it has also been reviewed by several studies that there are significant barriers in regards to technology adoption in health care sector. Technology adoption or implementation is not without risks and obstacles.Cost of adopting these innovative technologies is a growing concern in the context of why organizations are struggling with the complexities of technology adoption decisions (Skinner and Staiger 2015). Although, several health care firms are adopting these technological tools for improving their performance efficiency and patient satisfaction, by resolving these barriers. Therefore, this essay will focus upon investigating the factors that are promoting and hindering health care firms to adopt technology aligning with technology diffusion. There are several factors, which are motivating different organizations to adopt technological tools, through technology diffusion. It has been suggested by several literatures that some organization adopts them prior to others, however, there are several factors, which motivates these organizations to adopt these technologies earlier. It is clear that these organizations consist less level of barriers of technology adaptation, which may be faced to higher extent by others organizations. For instance, profit principle is one of the key factors, which promote adoption of technology by some firms. New technology enables firms to earn higher profit than the firms, which have not adopted the technology (Chandra and Skinner 2012). Introduction of new technology would improve the patients outcomes significantly and would satisfy the service users as well as employees. Thus, the organization, focusing more on profit principle would attempt to adapt new technology prior to the other organiza tions, irrespective of the presence or absence of the factors, hindering the technology adaption. However, a comparison between the level of profit gained from the technology and the level of barriers present in the organizational context determines the fate of technology adoption by the organization (Olson et al. 2011). The second reason is information channel. The organization, having a strong and diverse information channels are usually observed to adapt technology faster than others having weak or less diverse information channel. Especially, social media plays a significant role in dispersing knowledge among people throughout a wide range of area. Moreover, various sources of information like social media, colleagues, peers, seniors, relatives or any other people in the community can inform about the pros and cons of adapting a new technology (Gagnon et al. 2012). Therefore, information channels play a significant role in influencing an organization to adopt a new technology in the organizational context. Another reason of adopting new technologies by the organizations faster than other is the economic sustainability. For instance, Lian et al. (2014) argued that adoption of new technologies too some extent contributes to increase organizational cost, small or new organizations, which has small infrastructure and financial back up, would not be able to bear the cost of adopting new technology, whereas a medium or large organization, which has potential financial structure and sustained revenue rate, would be able to bear the additional cost for new technology. Another reason, which can promote a firms technology adoption faster than the others, is the human resource and opportunity to explore resource. Adoption of new technology would lead to an organizational change, which needs to be communicated and supported by the employees and management. Thus, the organization needs to shape their human resource to accept the change positively. The organization having a structured and adaptive human resource, who are communicated well, would be able to adopt the change faster compared to an organization with unstructured human resource (Cresswell and Sheikh 2013). On the other hand, more opportunities present in the organizational context would make the environment favourable for the organization to adopt new technologies, by managing or eliminating the risk factors. Finally, leadership also plays a significant role in influencing the organization towards adopting technology faster than others. For instance, leaders, who follow transformational leadership are able to accept changes more quickly and are able to manage risks associated with the change adoption (Cresswell and Sheikh 2013). On the other hand, leaders following others leadership style may not have such skills to adopt changes accordingly. Although adaptation of health care technologies is quite challenging due to the presence of several barriers, there are several features presented by some of the technologies, which makes them more likely to be adapted by the health care firms (Mair et al. 2012). In the below section, the key characteristics that make a technology more attractive to the organizations are discussed: Cost effective- Cost is the key feature that makes a technology more likely to be adopted by both the firm as well as service users. Cost effective technology helps to manage the additional cost for the technology in the total operational cost by the organizational management. Profitable- A firm will always look for profit, whether the technology adoption will give the organization the opportunity to earn more profit from the profit gained prior the technology adoption or not. Identifies the real problem- Within the recent health care technology trends, it has been revealed that most of the technological tools are unable to hit the real problem, for which the technology has been adopted by the organization (Cresswell and Sheikh 2013). Therefore, it is necessary for the company to understand, whether the technology is potential for identifying the key problem, based on which it would be adopted. User friendly- It is a key feature for the organization. The organization need to adopt such technology that can be easily manageable by the technical staffs as well as general staffs, during emergency. However, more complex technologies are unlikely to be adopted, as it will always need a strong technological staff resource and shortage of technological staff is one of the key issues in health care (Putzer 2012). Easy to carry- technologies, which are portable, are more likely to be adopted by the organizations. For instance, the wireless technology is rapidly being adopted by the health care industry, it is making instruments portable and pocket friendly, which would be helpful to be adopted by the service users. Easy to communicate- It is another major feature that attracts health care facilities to adopt a technology. Integration of a technology and successful implementation of the technology needs the acceptance from the employees, for which the technology related awareness should be communicated within employees. However, communication would require significant knowledge regarding the technology and the more critical the technology communication is, the less that particular technology is being adopted by organizations (Peek et al. 2014). Has commercial potential- Commercial potentialis referred to the opportunity of commercialization of a technology. A new technology needs to thrive in a constantly changing and impulsive business environment in order to reach market. Therefore, a technology, which is able to sustain these kinds of environment, is selected to be adopted by most of the health care organizations faster compared to the other technologies (Dnnebeil et al. 2012). Need less training and education- Health care sector deals with the health and well being related issues of the care users, thus the quality of services needed to be harmless and effective to the service users. However, technologies which are more familiar with the organizational context are more readily accepted by the employees, as they need to adapt less skills and knowledge to use the technology compared to an entirely innovative technology, for which they would need a thorough training procedure (Putzer 2012). SMART- It is the ultimate criteria for any services or goals. It states that the technology, which is adopted by health care organizations readily should be specific for a purpose, should be measurable through health care activity, attainable through suitable service, reliable and time-specific. All of the above mentioned features make a technology more likely to be adopted by the health care organizations. The opposite features discussed above, for instance, high cost, low commercial potential, less user friendly and the implementation of the technology in the health care context, are not readily accepted by employees are the key factors, which hinder the technology adoption (Putzer 2012). A non-user friendly and expensive health care service would not be readily accepted by the health care organization, making the innovative technology adoption slower than other technologies, for gaining a positive fate in the health care organization. There are several factors, which are making the technology diffusion slower in the health care industry. For example, recent reports have reported that some technologies are not addressing the actual problem for which it is being adopted by the organization. For example, new health care technologies, like wristbands, sensors, headsets and smart clothes gains a wide range of data on anything from heart rhythms to blood pressure. However, there is very few evidences about those, wearing these gadgets have overcome abnormal heart rhythms or elevated blood pressures in significantly higher rate compared to those, who do not use it. On the other hand, physician finds it hard to manage all these data provided by these technologies and they presume that these are unlikely to make a significant clinical difference (Lian et al. 2014). There are several applications available in the health care sector, which claims to modify behaviour through alerts, real time feedback and reminders; however, very few of them have shown a proven and measurable success. The second factor that is making the technology diffusion slow in health care sector is very high cost of the technologies. Moreover, there is a discrepancy in the health care sector that no one wants to pay for the adoption of new technology. Patients, health care facilities, physicians, insurance companies want to experience the benefits and value of the new technology. However, every stakeholder believes that others should pay for it. On the other hand, the financial difficulties embedded in the health cares fee-for-service payment model, which indicates that technologies that will reduce patients visit or will cost lower for patients, would show reduced adoption rate by the physicians or health care organizations (Skinner and Staiger 2015). It is because, the payment model ensures financial rewards for doctors and hospitals regarding the service volume and cost they provide, instead of the quality of outcomes they achieve. Another factor that makes health care industry to adopt some significant technologies is that physicians are not always willing to reveal patients all medical information to them. For example, electronic health record is one of the most known health documentation system with proved efficiency. This technology helps to reveal all the health related information of a patient to them. However, many doctors believe that some of the documents needed to be kept out of patients reach, as these may be harmful if read. Sometime, doctors are using these health data on screen to educate patients for improving transparency, improving physician-patient relationship (Chandra and Skinner 2012). Organization or entrepreneurs, addressing these aspects important, are adopting these technologies faster than others. On the other hand, many recent reports are suggesting that for the average physician, it is tougher to enter patients data into an EHR, rather than keeping paper records. It is both time consuming and difficult for the physicians following traditional paper documentation, as it follows structured format and the applications prevents doctor to skip steps or leave out clinical details, which they can do in a paper documentation. Another factor is that, many physician find technology as impersonal (Putzer 2012). For example, with the introduction ofgene sequencingand other related medical information, doctors would not be able to meet unique medical requirements of individual patients without advanced IT systems. By adopting innovative technologies, the operational efficiency as well as the service qualities delivered by the organization is improved. The range of positive impacts of technology adoption include increased improved products and services; markets; reduced costs; substantial productivity gains; increased avenues for communications; innovative ways of doing business; bridging the digital divideand more effective and efficient business processes. Research suggested that health care sector is reluctant to adopt new technologies. The factors making a technology attractive or non-attractive to a health care organization has been demonstrated along with the positive and negative factors affecting the technology diffusion in health care industry. Reference Chandra, A. and Skinner, J., 2012. Technology growth and expenditure growth in health care.Journal of Economic Literature,50(3), pp.645-680. Cresswell, K. and Sheikh, A., 2013. Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), pp.e73-e86. Dnnebeil, S., Sunyaev, A., Blohm, I., Leimeister, J.M. and Krcmar, H., 2012. Determinants of physicians technology acceptance for e-health in ambulatory care.International journal of medical informatics,81(11), pp.746-760. Gagnon, M.P., Desmartis, M., Labrecque, M., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Pluye, P., Frmont, P., Gagnon, J., Tremblay, N. and Lgar, F., 2012. Systematic review of factors influencing the adoption of information and communication technologies by healthcare professionals.Journal of medical systems,36(1), pp.241-277. Lian, J.W., Yen, D.C. and Wang, Y.T., 2014. An exploratory study to understand the critical factors affecting the decision to adopt cloud computing in Taiwan hospital.International Journal of Information Management,34(1), pp.28-36. Mair, F.S., May, C., O'Donnell, C., Finch, T., Sullivan, F. and Murray, E., 2012. Factors that promote or inhibit the implementation of e-health systems: an explanatory systematic review.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,90(5), pp.357-364. Olson, K.E., OBrien, M.A., Rogers, W.A. and Charness, N., 2011. Diffusion of technology: frequency of use for younger and older adults.Ageing international,36(1), pp.123-145. Peek, S.T., Wouters, E.J., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K.G., Boeije, H.R. and Vrijhoef, H.J., 2014. Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: a systematic review.International journal of medical informatics,83(4), pp.235-248. Putzer, G.J., 2012. Are physicians likely to adopt emerging mobile technologies? Attitudes and innovation factors affecting smartphone use in the Southeastern United States.Perspectives in health information management, p.1. Skinner, J. and Staiger, D., 2015. Technology diffusion and productivity growth in health care.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(5), pp.951-964.
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