Bamboo As A Low Cost, Eco Friendly Manner - 2571 Words

BAMBOO IN ARCHITECTURE ABSTRACT Bamboo has found use in extensive fields ranging from medicine to cooking to furniture making and most importantly in construction. The advantage of using bamboo is the easy availability of the material especially in India. The use of bamboo as a structural construction material is also gaining popularity primarily because it is a rapidly growing material which makes it sustainable. It has many positive engineering attributes such as its high strength and durability. The goal of assessing bamboo’s potential to meet construction techniques as a low-cost, eco-friendly manner. Keywords: bamboo, easy availability, sustainable, low cost construction, eco friendly  ¬Ã‚ ¬ INTRODUCTION In the past, many people built†¦show more content†¦In light of this, it is important for us to re-think our strategies for housing the poor, and to re-visit some of that traditional building wisdom, in which people and communities were the key agents in building and upgrading their housing, and local materials and local building techniques were their inexpensive and environmentally-sustainable tools to do that. Bamboo is the most marvelous plant in nature. The word â€Å"bamboo† was coined by Carl von Linnà © in 1753. Bamboo is a grass plant like rice, corn and sugarcane. Different to these, the lignin of its tissues becomes after some years a structure as hard as wood, but more flexible and light. Bamboo is not a new field for researchers. In China, in Jin Dynasty (265-420 A.C) there has been monograph which observed and recorded the botanic properties of diverse bamboo species. Bamboo is an important resource in the Indian socio-economic, cultural, ecological, climatic functional context with 1500 recorded uses. It is a fast growing, wide spread, renewable, versatile, low cost, environment-enhancing resource with potential to improve livelihood security in the years to come, in both rural and urban areas. Apart from its-traditional uses bamboo has various new applications as an alternative

There is a Nursing Shortage in Canada - 839 Words

Nursing Shortage in Canada Population in Canada continues to increase as per Statistics Canada (2013). To provide quality nursing services for such a population we need sufficient nursing workforce. According to Little (2007), by 2016, Canada will face a nursing shortage of 100,000 nurses. The major reasons for this being unemployment of immigrated internationally educated nurses in Canada and emigration of Canadian-educated nurses to countries like USA. According to College of Nurses of Ontario [CNO]a (2007), as stated in Blythe, J, et al. (2009), in 2007, 11% of registered nursing workforce in Ontario constitutes Internationally Educated Nurses (IEN). Most of the IENs are left unemployed after they migrate to Canada because of rigid requirements of language skills, licensure exams, variability in nursing education across countries etc. (Blythe et al., 2009). Between 1997 and 2000, of the 25 506 foreign-educated nurses applying for licensure in the USA, approximately 22% were Canadi an applicants, most of whom were new graduates (Buchan et al. 2003 as in Hall et al., 2009). If immigration of IENs can be made more beneficial to Canada and Canadian nurses are provided better incentives to practice in Canada, then nursing shortage that we are currently facing can be avoided. The decision to recruit more IENs into Canada was made because of the nursing shortage that is intensifying. There are three stages to integrate into nursing profession in Canada, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Clinical Placements For Nurses950 Words   |  4 Pages Facilitating clinical placements is also another strategy for shortage of nursing that many counties faced. But the impediment to develop a higher capacity of programs in the nursing field lies with the administration of site placements for nursing professionals. In a response to this problem, what is need to the health healthcare institutions need nursing education corporations that would help in employing an online place ment program for nurses. This strategy will also help in suitable trainingRead MoreShortage Of Nurses And Health Care1420 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will examine the shortage of nurses and the impact on the nurse’s quality of care. A stable and sufficient supply of health professionals continues to be one of Canada’s greatest health care challenges. Since 2006, there has been a drastic decline in the number of new entries to the profession (Canadian Nurses Association [CNA], 2010). Employment issues arising from the restructuring of Ontario’s health care system are undoubtedly affecting nurses of all ages. Ontario has fewer regulatedRead MoreBecoming A Registered Nurse1718 Words   |  7 Pagessteps as Ontario nursing students. Moreover, the process of becoming a registered nurse takes such a long time and is very complicated because the college of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) would like to assess the equivalency between educational standards and nursing skills in different countries compared to Ontario. This research focuses on the reality of the process of becoming a registered nurse for international students in Ontario. Literature Review According to Little (2007), Canada is projectingRead MoreAging Population : A Global Phenomenon1519 Words   |  7 Pagesdemographic transition of societies and has impacted fertility rates; we have seen a large decline in fertility within Canada. On the global scale the natural rate of increase is 2.1 births per women whereas; Canada’s current fertility rate is 1.2. This, too, will have implications on society for the dependent older age sector. Furthermore, the implications of an aging population in Canada are taking great tolls on the health care sector as many of the demographic require medical support. In this paperRead MoreThe Healthcare System At All Levels1744 Words   |  7 Pagesadministering health care services to Ontarians. The follow the guidelines provided by the Canada Health care Act. Assistance from the federal government through the form of fiscal transfer is used to fund these services. 86d. Identifies the organization health care system at all levels: National The federal government sets the standard for and administers the national principles for the health care system under the Canada Health Act. The government provides funding to the provinces and supports specialRead MoreNursing Shortage Is Not A New Problem1363 Words   |  6 Pages The nursing shortage is not a new problem to hit the medical field. It continues to burden the nursing profession across the globe. As the baby boomers reach an age of retirement, nursing is going to see a large portion of currently employed nurses retiring from positions in the upcoming years. As expressed by Jewell (2013), 57% of nurses in Canada are between the ages of 40 and 60 (p. 325). In other words, more than half of employed nurses are nearing retirement, and there is a lack of nursesRead MoreNursing Workload And Their Association With Patient Safety And Nursing Environments993 Words   |  4 Pagespublished journals that report on results conducted from research on nursing workload and its association with patient safety and nursing environments. Cimiotti et el (2012) suggest based on an extensive review of 42 articles, evidence shows that nurse staffing in the form of nurse-patient ratios and hours of nursing care have been implicated in the spread of infection. Duffield et el (2009) suggest that nurse staffing, unstable nursing unit environments were linked to negative patient outcomes includingRead MoreThe International Migration Of Nurses1116 Words   |  5 Pagessocial security, and professional development, so, nursing profession is considered to be a mobile profession (Kingma, 2007). As international nurse migration has affected the whole world one way or the other, it has become a national as well as a global issue. Studies show that most of the developed and industrialized countries are confronting a critical shortage of nurses in the recent decades (Walani, 2015). Those countries, including Canada, are recruiting Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs)Read M oreExpanded Nursing Career: Roles, Requirements and Scope823 Words   |  3 Pageshalf of the 20th century, nursing saw lots of advancement in nursing theories and practice. Whole new careers of research, counselling changed the way traditional nursing practice. This gave nurses more confidence in having more specific role. These developments rejuvenated nursing by the introduction expanded nursing careers. These careers have an immense potential to contribute to the health care system. They allow more scope and liberty of clinical practice in nursing. It gives nurse an opportunityRead MoreThe Global Nursing Shortage : Development Of Strategies For Primary Focus On Nursing Staff Attraction And Retention1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe global nursing shortage leads to the development of strategies which primary focus on nursing staff attraction and retention. According to Quill, a nursing shortage continuously increases due to obvious reasons such as burnout, retirement, long shift ho urs, underpayments, injuries, and overall job dissatisfaction. â€Å"As of 2010, 40% of registered nurses in the USA are older than age 50 and planning for retirement† (Quill, 2012). Quill points out that nursing shortage was considered as a â€Å"global

The Misery in Evil Free Essays

There is a lot we can learn from infants. Infants have control over their emotions. When they feel hungry, they cry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Misery in Evil or any similar topic only for you Order Now When we feed them, they stop. They react the same way when dealing with such feelings and emotions such as nausea, sleep, and even anger. The children know how to let their emotions flow and as soon as the emotion is dealt with, they let the feelings go. As life becomes more complicated, people tend to forget how to let thing flow and then let them go. The older we get, the more we hold in the emotional baggage, allow ourselves to be possessed by them. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights tells a very good story of the consequences of holding emotions in without ever releasing them. The characters in the book are so deeply enveloped into their emotions that they create prisons for their minds. Their own acts of hate and unkindness create these prisons; prisons that won’t let them escape from their misery. From a very early age, the seeds of hatred are planted into Hindley. When the orphan boy, Heathcliff is brought home to live with the Earnshaw family, Hindley becomes immediately jealous when the love of his father goes into Heathcliff. Along with his sister, Catherine, the two work together to ridicule the orphan child of his disabilities, mainly his illiteracy. When Hindley’s father dies, he goes on to make Heathcliff’s life miserable. He treats Heathcliff as one of the servants and terminates his education. The hatred is spread into Heathcliff as he vows to seek revenge on Hindley. While Hindley continued his abuse on Heathcliff, Catherine falls in love with the orphan child. However, Catherine had a personal ambition to find someone that would carry her away like an enchanted princess. She got this opportunity when she was allowed to enter the Linton house. Heathcliff, on the other hand, was told to go back home. While Catherine learned the ways of the rich, Heathcliff started his plan to seek revenge. One of the interesting aspects of the book is the fact that Heathcliff started off with the typical romantic hero. He was the orphan child, destined to rise above the standards. However, Bronte doesn’t allow Heathcliff to transcend above his position in life. Throughout the novel, Heathcliff commits act of pure evil that is very hard for the reader to believe. He starts by killing a few dogs and goes on to create even more havoc. He tortures Isabella by testing her undying love for him. He even goes on to plan the use of his own child to seek revenge on his arch nemesis, Edgar Linton. All the while, the one thing that caused all of his pain, all of his misery, never stopped haunting him. Catherine died from the love she had for Heathcliff. Her acts of unkindness towards him led to her misery which would eventually lead to her death. Heathcliff could never bury Catherine and he felt like her ghost was always around watching him, waiting for him to join her. Heathcliff’s ultimate revenge would take place by destroying the love between Hareton and the young Catherine. He tried to recreate a love triangle between his son Linton Heathcliff, the young Catherine, and Hareton. However, the young Catherine reminded Heathcliff of his love for her mother so much, that his desire to fulfill his act of revenge soon disappeared. When he finally realized this, his anger, his rage, turned to misery. Like his love before him, he let the misery take over, which would lead him to his own death. Heathcliff, along with many other characters in the story, were locked inside a cage they couldn’t escape. The lock was composed of love, hatred, revenge and misery. For the second generation of children in the story (Heathcliff, Edgar Linton, Hindley, and Catherine), the self-made prisons made for some very miserable lives and depressing deaths. How to cite The Misery in Evil, Papers

The Souls of Black Folk

The Souls of Black Folk is an early twentieth century book authored by William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963) which had an influential impact on African American intellectual life. The novel, which is a compilation of fourteen prose pieces, responds to the Emancipation Proclamation set by Abraham Lincoln to deliver the blacks from the yoke of slavery. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Souls of Black Folk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the novel, Du Bois addresses the movements and struggles of the entire black population in the twentieth century. Du Bois gives an evaluation of the advancement of the African Americans, the hindrances to that advancement, and the opportunities for future advancement as the U.S. entered the twentieth century. The novel can be conveniently separated into three different sections. The first section consists of chapters one to three, which have a distinctively historical perspective. Chapters four to nine portray a sociological point of view. Lastly, chapters ten to fourteen express the author’s efforts to capture the spiritual meanings of the black culture. This complete seminal work endeavors to look into the black American mind while maintaining the message in the title of the novel. The implication of the title is evident in the early pages of the book. In the book, Du Bois depicts the condition of the blacks as separated from the whites. However, this separation from the repressive white culture is only by means of a metaphorical veil, which produced the effects of double-consciousness. This implies that even though they were separated from the whites, the blacks were compelled to view themselves through the eyes of the whites as well as their own. In this sense, an African American always felt his or her twoness. This twoness included being an American and a Negro at the same time, having two souls or two imaginations, or two differin g opinions in one dark body (Du Bois, 4). The Souls of the Black Folks played a pivotal role during the Harlem Renaissance. The book achieved this by providing guidance and motivation to the talented young African Americans who were the vehicles for change during this period (Young, 96). During the Harlem Renaissance, much progress was made in the community of African Americans. One such advancement was the privilege that the African Americans had of getting education, regardless of the fact that there were inadequate resources in most black schools. Most blacks made the most out of this opportunity. Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During this period, changes in the political climate of the U.S. enabled the blacks to fight for their rights. In supporting black higher education, Du Bois criticized Booker T. Washington’s vocational education system by asserting that t he system was too economical. Moreover, he argued that it would not provide the blacks with the opportunities to develop. Souls also call on the blacks to fight for their fundamental political privileges such as pursuing their right to vote and protecting their civil rights. The symbolism in establishing the black identity as an important aspect of the American history portrayed in the novel served as a source of inspiration for blacks during the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-twentieth century (Horne, 223). Souls reinforced the stand of the black community in the United States. The success that Du Bois had in fighting for the rights of the blacks demonstrated to the leaders of the Movement the abilities they had in store which were just waiting to be released. During the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War, everyone was dreaming about equality among the races. However, these dreams were blown apart at the turn of the century. Souls depict this deplorable condition . This reality resulted in a united cultural identity among the African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. Therefore, this served as a conscious awakening for them to unite in fighting against racial segregation. Works Cited Du Bois, William E. B. The souls of the black folk: essays and sketches. Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, 1961. Print. Horne, Gerald. Black and red : W.E.B. Du Bois and the Afro-American response to the Cold War, 1944-1963. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1986. Print. Young, Mary. W.E.B. Du Bois: an encyclopedia. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2000. Print. This essay on The Souls of Black Folk was written and submitted by user Miah Stark to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Program Evaluation by Berk and Rossi

Program Evaluation by Berk and Rossi Identifying Issues and Formulating Questions for Program Evaluation Appropriate question formulation is the most important aspect in program evaluation as the question states the measures according to which the program should be assessed. Rossi et al (2004) assure that decision makers and stakeholders should take the main role in formulating questions. They are also sure that program evaluation should not depend precisely on the point of view of stakeholders due to their prejudiced opinion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Program Evaluation by Berk and Rossi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The format of the evaluation question should depend on the specific functions the question is aimed at performing. Therefore, the general logic of evaluation covers the following aspects, criteria of merit establishment, standards construction, performance measurement and its comparison with accepted standards. Formulating a quest ion for evaluation program, it should correspond to the following characteristic features, reasonableness, appropriateness, it should be answerable and convey the performance criteria (Rossi et al, 2004). Therefore, there are many other issues and techniques for formulating questions for evaluation programs. Alvesson and Sandberg (2011) offer the problematization technique which is aimed at coming up â€Å"with novel research questions through a dialectical interrogation of one’s own familiar position, other stances, and the domain of literature targeted for assumption challenging† (Alvesson and Sandberg, 2011, p. 252). Problematization technique for formulating question for evaluation program is one of the best means in a number of reasons. First of all, it corresponds to the principles discussed by Rossi et al (2004). Additionally, it identifies a domain literature, considers the assumptions within identifies domain, evaluates those assumptions, develops alternative assumptions, relates those assumptions to the audience and finally evaluates assumptions with the purpose to meet the requirements of the evaluation program (Alvesson and Sandberg, 2011). Key Concepts in Evaluation Research Considering the key concepts in evaluation research, Berk and Rossi (1999) point at the following aspects, policy concerns, stakeholders, validity, effectiveness, and theories. The consideration of each of these concepts may help us understand the nature of the evaluation research better. Policy concerns are based on the information policymakers are eager to provide us with.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the evaluation of the research is based on the questions which appear in the focus of policymakers (issues and policies which remain the public domain). The attention of the evaluation is usually attracted by a number of people who are interested in the evaluation research outcomes which may vary depending on the nature of the research. Another key concept for evaluation research program effectiveness which in case of vague goals of the program can measure marginal effectiveness (intervention), relative effectiveness (program/absence of program contrast) and cost effectiveness (measurement of the cost per unit). Validity concept presupposes the measurement of the evaluation research credibility. Theory may be an important issue before developing various programs, formulating evaluation design, or analyzing the data. Therefore, this concept is important for evaluation research. There are more concepts which may be included in the evaluations research. Program’s environment and program’s intended and observed outcomes should also be included in evaluation research. The environment impacts greatly all programs and processes which occur in the society. It is impossible to violate the social tendencies w hich appear in the environment. The comparison and contrast of the program’s intended and observed outcomes should be used as the main hypothesis for evaluation. This information helps predict evaluation results and compare those with the got ones for assessing the evaluation credibility (McDavid and Hawthorn, 2006). Bounded Rationality and Evaluation Validity According to Herbert Simon, bounded rationality is defined as the limitation of the human beings by means of the following factors, failure to know everything and understand the future consequences correctly, failure to assess the worth of the future decisions due to the inability to measure the effectiveness and importance of the latter, and failure to consider all the alternative variants of the decision outcome. All these failures are defined as the inability for a research to be rational, therefore, the notion of bounded rationality is present (Simon, Egidi, and Viale, 2008). It should be mentioned that evaluation v alidity depends on the commitment of the program evaluator, therefore, it means that the attitude to the evaluation is prejudiced.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Program Evaluation by Berk and Rossi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the research evaluation is measured by means of the actions and ideas, research questions and other specific issues chosen by the researcher. Therefore, research validity is based on the choice of the person who conducts evaluation. No matter how unprejudiced and fair a person may try to be, the bounded rationality is the concept which should not be ignored. Considering the key concepts discussed above and the issues for forming an evaluation question, a researcher plays a dominant role in the evaluation outcome. Research evaluation program cannot be rationale in its entire meaning. There are always limitations and concerns which should be taken into account. An evaluatorâ€⠄¢s approach to delivering an exhaustive evaluation with constructive recommendations is a product of personal experience and practice due to the similar to boundary rationality idea. An evaluator has a right to choose the evaluation criterion, descriptive program of the research and making judgments on the basis of the considered information (Gigerenzer and Selten, 2002, p. 117). Reference List Alvesson, Mats and Jà ¶rgen Sandberg. 2011. Generating research questions through problematization. Academy Of Management Review 36(2): 247-271. Berk, Richard A. and Peter Henry Rossi. 1999. Thinking about program evaluation. New York: SAGE. Gigerenzer, Gerd and Reinhard Selten. 2002. Bounded rationality: the adaptive toolbox. Cambridge: MIT Press. McDavid, C. James and Laura R. L. Hawthorn. 2006. Program evaluation performance measurement: An introduction to practice. New York: SAGE.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rossi, Peter. H., Lipsey, Mark. W., and Howard E. Freeman. 2004. Evaluation: A systematic approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Simon, Herbert Alexander, Egidi, Massimo, and Riccardo Viale. 2008. Economics, bounded rationality and the cognitive revolution. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Comparing Japanese and European Serfdom

Comparing Japanese and European Serfdom Although Japan and Europe did not have any direct contact with one another during the medieval and early modern periods, they independently developed very similar class systems, known as feudalism. Feudalism was more than gallant knights and heroic samurai, it was a way of life of extreme inequality, poverty, and violence. What Is Feudalism? The great French historian Marc Bloch defined feudalism as: A subject peasantry; widespread use of the service tenement (i.e. the fief) instead of a salary...; supremacy of a class of specialized warriors; ties of obedience and protection which bind man to man...; [and] fragmentation of authority- leading inevitably to disorder. In other words, peasants or serfs are tied to the land and work for the protection afforded by the landlord plus a portion of the harvest, rather than for money. Warriors dominate society and are bound by codes of obedience and ethics. There is no strong central government; instead, lords of smaller units of land control the warriors and peasants, but these lords owe obedience (at least in theory)  to a distant and relatively weak duke, king or emperor. The Feudal Eras in Japan and Europe Feudalism was well established in Europe by the 800s CE but appeared in Japan only in the 1100s as the Heian period drew to a close and the Kamakura Shogunate rose to power. European feudalism died out with the growth of stronger political states in the 16th century, but Japanese feudalism held on until the  Meiji Restoration  of 1868. Class Hierarchy Feudal Japanese and European societies were built on a system of hereditary classes. The nobles were at the top, followed by warriors, with tenant farmers or serfs below. There was very little social mobility; the children of peasants became peasants, while the children of lords became lords and ladies. (One prominent exception to this rule in Japan was Toyotomi Hideyoshi, born a farmers son, who rose to rule over the country.) In both feudal Japan and Europe, constant warfare made warriors the most important class. Called knights  in Europe and samurai  in Japan, the warriors served local lords. In both cases, the warriors were bound by a code of ethics. Knights were supposed to conform to the concept of chivalry, while samurai were bound by the precepts of bushido, the way of the warrior. Warfare  and Weaponry Both knights and samurai rode horses into battle, used swords, and wore armor. European armor was usually all-metal, made of chain mail or plate metal. Japanese armor included lacquered leather or metal plates with silk or metal bindings. European knights were almost immobilized by their armor, needing help up on to their horses, from where they would simply try to knock their opponents off their mounts. Samurai, in contrast, wore light-weight armor that allowed for quickness and maneuverability, at the cost of providing much less protection. Feudal lords in Europe built stone castles to protect themselves and their vassals in case of attack. Japanese lords, known as  daimyo, also built castles, although Japans castles were made of wood rather than stone. Moral and Legal Frameworks Japanese feudalism was based on the ideas of the Chinese philosopher Kong Qiu or Confucius (551–479 BCE). Confucius stressed morality and filial piety, or respect for elders and other superiors. In Japan, it was the moral duty of the daimyo and samurai to protect the peasants and villagers in their region. In return, the peasants and villagers were duty-bound to honor the warriors and pay taxes to them. European feudalism was based instead on Roman imperial laws and customs, supplemented by Germanic traditions and supported by the authority of the Catholic Church. The relationship between a lord and his vassals was seen as contractual; lords offered payment and protection, in return for which vassals offered complete loyalty. Land Ownership and Economics A key distinguishing factor between the two systems was land ownership. European knights gained land from their lords as payment for their military service; they had direct control of the serfs who worked that land. In contrast, Japanese samurai did not own any land. Instead, the daimyo used a portion of their income from taxing the peasants to provide the samurai a salary, usually paid in rice. Role of Gender   Samurai and knights differed in several other ways, including their gender interactions. Samurai women, for example, were expected to be strong like the men  and to face death without flinching. European women were considered fragile flowers who had to be protected by chivalrous knights. In addition, samurai were supposed to be cultured and artistic, able to compose poetry or write in beautiful calligraphy. Knights were usually illiterate, and would likely have scorned such past-times in favor of hunting or jousting. Philosophy of Death Knights and samurai had very different approaches to death. Knights were bound by Catholic Christian law against suicide  and strove to avoid death. Samurai, on the other hand, had no religious reason to avoid death and would commit suicide in the face of defeat in order to maintain their honor. This ritual suicide is known as seppuku (or harakiri). Conclusion Although feudalism in Japan and Europe has vanished, a few traces remain. Monarchies remain in both Japan and some European nations, though in constitutional or ceremonial forms. Knights and samurai have been relegated to social roles or honorific titles. And socio-economic class divisions remain, though nowhere nearly as extreme.

Chemotherapy Lounge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemotherapy Lounge - Assignment Example Nursing as caring by Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer is the most appropriate theory. The theory explains that caring is an innate virtue arising from the humanness of a person. It further explains that people live their live caring at every moment with each moment being unique. The patient in the case requires simple recognitions some of which arises from the humanness of the nurses. He wants the nurse to care for his unique needs at every moment. As such, the theory offers the best description of a nurse that would enhance his holistic healing. Jean Watson’s theory of human caring offers relational caring both for self and for others. The theory explains that one must always cultivate his or her spiritual practice beyond the ego. This requires a form of mind body and spirit type of wholesomeness in order for one to work as a nurse (Watson, 2008). Such an individual practices a form of loving kindness and equanimity that can help the patient in the